Dr. Richard J. Hull, Dr. Noel Jackson, Haibo Liu, G.R.A., Normand E. Allaire, S.A., UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND, PLANT SCIENCES DEPARTMENT, Kingston, Rhode Island, U.S. Department of the Interior, Water Resources Scientific Information Center 
Geological Survey, 1989-1991
AVERAGE SOIL WATER NITRATE-N CONCENTRATION from May 1990 to September 1990 & from October 1990 to April 1991.
Davis V.P. Claassen and M.P. Hogan, Soils and Biogeochemistry Section, University of California, Davis, 1998
Caltrans – California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, California, U.S.D.O.T. Federal Highway Administration
The objective of this study is to compare the N release rates from a wide variety of potential amendment sources, to check the incubation and leaching procedure for precision between duplicate experiments, and to compare release rates to those measured in a field situation.
Karl Guillard and Kelly L. Kopp, Department of Plant Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 1996-1999 
Late-season fertilization of lawns with N is a common practice in southern New England during late fall (October through November). Turf quality and rooting characteristics may benefit from this practice, but the potential for nitrate (NO3) leaching at this time may be higher than if N-based fertilizers are applied before October.
Tony L. Provin, Sr. Soil Scientist, Texas A & M, 2001-2002
The Stillhouse watershed in the Austin, Texas area has significant impairments due to nitrate-N and phosphorus levels. The source of these nutrients is postulated as urban/homeowner turfgrass fertilization. The objective of study was to:
1. Assess the potential for off-site movement of nitrogen and phosphorus from various organic and inorganic nutrient sources.
2. Assist the City of Austin and Travis County Cooperative Extension in the development of environmentally sound turfgrass fertilization recommendations.
Dr. Brent Philbrook, Agri-Growth Research , 1989
Report Summary of Nursery Field Study and Greenhouse Study
Pesticide residues can wreak havoc on newly established crops for both conventional growers as well as farmers who are making the transition to organic production. The only current alternative to reducing plant injury from persistent herbicides is activated charcoal – applied to absorb various chemicals compounds in the soil.
